Research Proposal on Business Process Reengineering Essay Example

Research Proposal on Business Process Reengineering Essay Business process reengineering is the complicated process of analysis, optimization and reorganization of the business processes with the aim to achieve higher rates of production and as a result profit. Business process reengineering is a difficult process which requires time and knowledge. A professional businessman should involve the most talented experts to create the best model of reengineering and compose the documentation which will be the basis of the necessary changes. Business process reengineering uses all the useful and effective facilities which can process and analyze the problematic data and help managers and all the qualified design engineers of the information systems catch the most appropriate way of reorganization of the business. Business process reengineering can be observed in two phases. First of all there is the analysis which helps to understand the image of the ideal business in the chosen sphere. The second phase is based on the analysis of the methods which can be used to change the existing form of the business into the ideal one. It is obvious that reengineering should be conducted without enormous expenditures, but the change should be fast and effective. Furthermore, the company should rely only on its own abilities and resources and plan the process of reengineering soberly and objectively. The order of reengineering is simple but strict: creation of the strategy; definition of the core components, required to fulfil the strategy; detailed analysis of the existing processes; definition of the processes which require reorganization; creation of the indicators which illustrate the effectiveness of the processes; reengineering itself and finally the constant control and further improvement of the business processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Business Process Reengineering specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Business Process Reengineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Business Process Reengineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of business process reengineering is quite relevant, so many students want to demonstrate their knowledge and critical thinking skills and complete interesting research paper on it. A successful business process reengineering research proposal is supposed to contain brand new effective ideas which can solve the existing problems related with the topic. One should organize a correct structure for the paper and include reliable evidence of the effectiveness of the research. In order to convince the professor that the topic is a good one, a student should include worked out literature review and methodology sections which make the paper look worthy. The most effective way to compose a good research proposal is to take advantage of the Internet and look through one of the well ­analyzed free example research proposals on business process reengineering created by the professional writers online. It is a plus if a student finds a well ­organized free sample research proposal on business process reengineering and understands how to format the paper well and how to write in the persuasive manner to impress the professor. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Business Process Reengineering are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

Predator Prey Lab Report Essay Example

Predator Prey Lab Report Essay Example Predator Prey Lab Report Paper Predator Prey Lab Report Paper Essay Topic: Catching Fire The Bean Eaters An adaptation aids survival by either decreasing a preys chance of being eaten, or y increasing a predators chance of obtaining food to survive and reproduce. Predators must fight for food. They face density-independent factors which are factors that limit resources, but they cannot be controlled; an example would be bad weather or wildfires. Density-dependent factors are things that can be controlled such as the amount of competition in an environment. For example, if a preys traits allow it to run faster, the predator must also have the characteristics to allow it to run fast enough to catch its prey. Many people confuse adoptions with evolution, but they are not the same. Adoptions are changes in an animal that happen in one generation, while evolution occurs over many generations (Modern Biology, 2006). Charles Darwin had a theory that was the opposite of adaptations. Charles Darnings theory of natural selection was basically survival of the fittest. When organisms reproduce and exceed the carrying capacity, the competition in the environment increases. Because of this, some organisms will not survive (Theory of Natural Selection). It was then that Darwin realized those organisms who were most suited for the environment were the ones who will live on and produce (Darnings Theory of Evolution). For example, picture two birds in an environment. One bird has a long beak and the other has a short beak. The bird with the long beak is able to reach into the holes in the ground and eat the seeds, but the other cannot. The bird populations with the long beaks will be able to survive and reproduce while the population of birds with the short beaks will thin out and eventually go extinct (Modern Biology, 2006). Problem: Which predators will be able to survive and reproduce based on their characteristics, adaptations to the environment, density-dependent factors such s competition for food, and density-independent factors such as bad weather or wild fires? Hypothesis: The spoon will be the predator that survives, reproduces, and dominates the population. If there is a competition between predators over a prey, then the spoon will easily be able to use its bowl-like shape to easily scoop up the prey. If the prey is hidden in the grass, then the spoon will be able to slide through the grass and scoop up any prey hiding. Materials: . 300 pieces of corn 2. 300 pieces of black beans 3. 300 pieces of lima beans 4. 100 pieces of pinto beans 5. Plastic forks with one tongue removed (Broken Forks) . Plastic forks 7. Small plastic knives 8. Plastic spoons 9. Tweezers (forceps) 10. A grass field approximately 15 meters square or a carpeted area about the same size. 11. Styrofoam 6-8 oz. Cups 12. Stop watch Procedures: 1. Distribute 100 pieces of corn, lima beans, and black beans onto the field. 2. Divide the class into 5 groups that are as close to equal as possible. . Give each member of one group forks, of another group spoons, of another group broken forks, of another group knives, and the last group forceps. (If there are no forceps available, the lab can be demonstrated with only 4 groups. 4. Every student gets a Styrofoam cup. 5. Instruct the students that they are individual predators with structural variations. The beans and the corn are the prey. The prey must be picked up with the feeding mechanism (forks, knives, spoons, broken forks, and forceps) and placed in the model mouth (cup). No scraping or pushing of the prey in the mouth is allowed the cup may not touch the ground area. The predators may, however, dash in and pick up any prey being pursued by another predator. Do not hesitate to intrude, any hungry natural predator would not. Hunting time will be 5 minutes. When the teacher or the wildfire comes around and touches any of the students, they must step out of the playing area for fifteen seconds. When told to stop, each student will tally up his kills. If a predator is in the process of capturing a prey when told to stop, he must drop it. 6. Repeat this process for each generation and make the proper adjustments required for each. 7. At the end of the lab, share your data with the class and add up the number of prey killed. Observations: In certain parts of the field, the grass was very tall and the prey that were in that area were very difficult to find. Because of this many predators ignored the grassy areas which caused a lot of competition for prey in the other areas of the field. Certain prey such as the corn was easily concealed in the grass because of its small size. However, in the dirt area, the color of the corn really made it stand out. Therefore, the spoon population was able to reproduce while the other populations began to thin out because they were not as well adapted to the environment, and they were not able to reproduce. Their populations decreased steadily and we can infer that they will eventually go extinct. Fig. 5 shows predator consumption. This graph corresponds to the Predator Population graph. In both graphs the spoon population increases while the others decrease steadily. Again, this is because the spoons were well adapted to the environment and they were able to get more food and reproduce. Another reason was the fact that when some predators starved to death or consumed fewer than five preys they became part of the spoon population. This was done to show how populations that cannot get enough food die off, and those who can continue to live and reproduce. It proves the theory of natural selection. Fig. 6 shows the population of prey. In all cases except for the lima beans, the populations increased. This is because the lima beans were the easiest prey to catch and all the redactors went after them in the first generation. Their population immediately decreased at a drastic level. Because of this, no more lima beans were thrown on the field to show they were no longer able to reproduce. However, for the second generation, the black beans and the corn population increased by one- hundred. This is because there were enough of them left to reproduce. In the third generation you see the corn population increase by one-hundred once again. This is because they were able to reproduce again. However, the black bean population did not increase, but a pinto bean population started at one- hundred. This was because the pinto beans were an invasive species and took over the black bean population. This caused the black beans to not be able to reproduce and their population size stayed the same. Conclusion: This lab was done to show how natural selection affects a predator-prey relationship. Only the strong and most adapted species can survive. The hypothesis was correct because the spoon population was the most adapted and over time became the dominate population. The spoon population was best adapted because it was able to easily scoop up and hiding prey and it was able to scoop up the prey easily in a competition. The spoons were the best adapted at capturing prey as well. The knife and broken fork populations went extinct because they were not well adapted to the environment or catching prey. It can also be inferred that all but the spoon population will also go extinct because they are declining steadily. In human examples, men are able to adapt to the heat by air condition and water. They can adapt to the cold by wearing heavy clothing and heaters. There should be funding to continue to save certain species because there are many species that cannot fend for themselves, but they are incredibly important to the environment. Letting natural selection wee out these species could cause great harm to humans and other animal. Reproduction allowed the spoon population to grow and dominate. It also allowed the corn survive and provide food for the predators. In this lab the experimental group was the predator and prey populations decreasing and increasing based on natural selection. The control variables was the area because it was not tested, as well as the time, and the fact that when you died you became part of the spoon population. The independent variables were the changes in population and prey consumption for each generation.

Australian VET System and Social Concerns Essay

Australian VET System and Social Concerns - Essay Example The systems also have some of the highly regarded standard frameworks for training providers such as the Australian Quality Training Framework (AQTF), qualifications such as the Australian Qualification Framework (AQF), and training products. Australia’s VET system is a competency based training system that focuses individuals’ capabilities and skills for enabling them to do substantial work. In essence therefore, it is suitable for continued learning of individuals within enterprises and those seeking to enter into enterprise work (Goldstein, & Ford, 2002; Bean, 2008). With a wide array of social issues impacting the Australian workforce system from an aging population, and increasingly diverse society and employers finding it hard to recruit staff, that is 44% in 2007 from 41% in 2005 (OECD, 2009), effective systemic responses in the VET system towards these trends have the capability in addressing them. This paper critically discuses the extent to which the current V ET system in Australia can and does address the concerns of contemporary Australian society. In specific, the study discusses three societal concerns that are critical to Australia, diversity training, safety training and customer service training. Background of Australia and VET System VET system in Australia can be traced far back to the mid and late 19th century where various institutions offered skills development and industry training in trades that were predominantly male such as mining. And for almost a century VET was mainly focused on training men in a few select industries such as mining agriculture and manufacturing. With the beginning in the decline of these industries in their economic significance in the 1960s and 70s, and the emergence of newer finance and communication industries in the economy, more women started getting trained (Training.com.au, 2012). With these there were more pre-vocational and preparatory training than trade based training and with the release of the 1974 Kangan Report, the TAFE system which seeks to improve on the needs in Technical and Further Education was established. The 1980’s saw the expansion of the service industries and the emergence of private training providers to meet the needs of the changing economy. A wide array of reports emerged on the need to take into account both the need of the industry and the individual into account in training and this resulted to a consensus that indeed the VET system required substantive reform based upon unified national effort (OECD, 2009; Training.com.au, 2012). The year 1992 was one of major reform in Australia’s VET system where a unified national system was created under the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) which the system getting considerable input from the industry on what relevant skills were required. The Fitzgerald Report particularly had a crucial role in enabling a competency based and coherent system was established. With these the VET s ystem further evolved to include apprenticeship programs, development of

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Business law - Essay Example What happened before filing of the suit is that the plaintiff had been ordered to do the work anew. This plaintiff did not do wholly but only did part since reconstruction would require demolition of thee whole structure. The plaintiff went ahead and asked for payment for which the defendant denied. This denial of payment thus led to Jacob and Young Inc. to filing this suit. Here, the courts had to resolve whether the defendant’s argument was feasible. This is because the plaintiff had presented evidence that the materials used in construction were of the same quality as that the client had specified although not from the manufacturer the client had stipulated. The court finally decided for the plaintiff after judging that the materials used in construction were in fact of the standard quality the client had specified although from a different manufacturer. The decision was affirmed in whole. The rule of law is that â€Å"If the difference in value is greater than measure of allowance, then compensation is to be given.† (Shourie, 50). The court reached its decision by looking at the plaintiff’s facts and ruled that they were

Critically evaluate the potential of the city of Palma as a center for Essay

Critically evaluate the potential of the city of Palma as a center for city break tourism - Essay Example In Europe, this progress is set apart by the surfacing of low-fare carriers, for example, a wide variety of the city-break day trips. Globally, an ever-increasing numeral of people takes trips to distant or peripheral destinations, often for a considerably short period of time. Touring Palma is pleasant any time of the year. Spring (April to mid-June) is generally the best. September is also good but can get rain. In a winter, city breaks in Palma and country stays, especially in the plains towards (watch for the almond blossoms), make for a great escape. For Tourism to survive, focus should shift on its aspect, that is, the role of the local population, and show how it is likely to influence demand, especially a volatile demand; the way they endure, or accept or support enthusiasm. Introduction In developed countries, an increasing number of individuals pursue lifestyles that are no longer need-driven (for instance, satisfying basic needs such as food), but that are motivated by the need for esteem and status or experiences for a classification by ‘values and lifestyles’. Discussed herein are submarkets of tourism. City Break Tourism There exist different kinds of sub-markets within tourism; one of this sub markets is city-break tourism. By definition, city-break Tourism, a City Break can be regarded as a short vacation to a city. The arrangements may be a package of accommodation and transport. Alternatively, city-break tourism can be described as an journey to a city with one night accommodation, usually with a sightseeing program, which may be optional or included in the price (Mac Iver & Mac Iver, 2008). Unfortunately, this definition does not take account of the growing popularity of low-cost ‘basic’ air flights which many people book as City Break, making accommodation arrangements themselves. Furthermore, City Break tourism is often sold in weekend packages, and special interest tourism, for example, addressing young tourist gr oups mainly coming for a party holiday, is policies with the main aim to overcome the short summer season. While not comprehensive, this list of types of breaks illustrate that there are both domestic and international. Tourism in industrialized countries has changed considerably in recent years, with a trend towards more frequent, but shorter trips to far distant places. In Europe, this progress is set apart by the surfacing of low-fare carriers, for example, a wide variety of the city-break day trips. Globally, an ever-increasing numeral of people takes trips to distant or peripheral destinations, often for a considerably short period of time. Clearly, these expansions remain smooth the progress of by air travel over the earlier 45 years, has transformed from a lavish form of mobility for the well-off few into a contemporary form of ‘hyper-mobility’ (Mac Iver & Mac Iver, 2008). Hyper-mobility, defined here as mobility that is frequent and often long-distance, is a res ult of the growing network of airports, perceived cheap fares, better education, higher income and a lot of leisure stage, including prospects to depart from work for an extended period of time. One of the fastest growing sectors in tourism is the international City Break market. Furthermore, tourists are prepared to travel further and further for a short break. Major cities provide destinations for

Developing IT Funding Models

Developing IT Funding Models Developing it funding models With increasing competition, costs and debates on the return of investments. Organizations need to be smarter with better practices on the way they fund their IT departments. Information Technology has grown way beyond its original role and now it is unusual for any company to not have any IT incorporated. Each organization must develop its own funding strategy for its IT. There are some fundamental principles and practices which can guide IT managers and leaders in planning and budgeting, as well as investing in its IT facilities. There are many different obstacles that an organization will face when strategically funding the business. Many different obstacles can be encountered and this usually occurs when there is failure to: Recognize that human resources play a big role in IT expenditure, and that personnel costs present increasing and ongoing annual expenditures. Determine replacement life cycles for different IT and incorporate renewal funding into IT budgets. It is also important that the financial investment is committed every time a new project is approved and that it will be available over the lifespan of that project. Standardize software, hardware and IT Technical Support services as much as possible to deliver baseline services to enable economies of scale. Educate those within the organization about the benefits of IT investments. Ensuring that those who are expected to benefit from the investment understand and have bought into the potential need to make changes in the way that they work. Information technology must be efficiently planned and must engage the attention of executive leadership. There are certain strategic questions that need to be asked. The how much is going to be enough? and how up-to-date and leading edge do we want to be? are very important questions that need to be addressed.   The answers to these questions need to come from IT manages/leaders or from executive leaders. Organizations need to make financial decisions based on realistic and accurate cost figures. Not only new implementations must be budgeted for but ongoing operational costs need to also be accounted for. The cost of supporting the IT must also not be underestimated or forgotten about. Replacement cycles for the different infrastructure must be established.   Hardware, software, wiring and personnel must be incorporated into the IT budget.   There will also need to be funding for the cost of replacement of equipment which will be within the IT budget. All IT expenditures need to be vigorously monitored to ensure that all IT resources are budgeted efficiently. Effective IT funding is very dependent on the IT management practices in place within the organization. Standardizing the use of IT around the organization will mean more effective use of resources. Whilst this is difficult to achieve it is very important so that costs are effectively managed. It is especially important for common baseline services such as networking where unique needs are not a factor. Possible downtime and the cost of reallocating IT should be factored into the IT budget. This is to ensure that funding remains available for higher priority IT projects. As new technology comes into play, old technology should be reviewed. Seeking out anything that its at the end of its useful lifecycle. Despite all of the popular beliefs, there are only a few sources of funds available to all companies. Using profits made selling goods or services. This is the most effective source of funds for any company and hopefully brings in the most revenue. Companies can borrow money from banks and take a loan. The downside to this is the high interest rates that can accumulate over time. The company can sell itself in the form of shares to its investors. This is called equity funding. The benefit to this is that shareholders will not require interest payments. The downside to this is that profits are divided amongst shareholders. These are the 3 main sourcing of funding that is available to companies. Some possible funding models for IT in a company could include the following: Technology Grants-Including public funding and private grants for hardware, software and training. Parent or individual financing Bring your own device options, tax relief and user fees. Public-Private Partnerships government-backed loans, bundled service agreements, seed funding, support from religious institutions, NGOs, and micro-financing Micro Financing There are programs that provide small loans around the world to people in poor countries/third world countries. These have become more and more popular over the years. This funding could be used to purchase certain goods such as hardware and software. Bundled Service Grants Technology businesses out there such as cable providers and computer service companies often partner up together to offer special collections of services and equipment. These offer companies around the world to obtain much of the infrastructure equipment at a competitive rate rather than purchasing individually. These service grants are also being used in countries which have been traditionally under served. The big brand companies such as Intel, Cisco Systems and Microsoft are making an impact of revitalizing Lebanon and improving the economic growth. Government backed loans A Government backed loan is a loan that will be secured by the government. This means that lenders are protected and borrowers also benefit on low interest rates. With low interest and flexible repayment schedules these loans are a very good option for funding Information Technology. Universal Service Fees In third world countries where broadband access has been cost-prohibitive, universal access funds can be used to subsidize new broadband infrastructure and network rollouts. In countries such as Chile, Turkey and Malaysia, governments have successfully created policies and funds to extend voice, data and internet services. A useful way to begin is by using a SWOT Analysis. These are Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Each of the areas will need to be analyzed. Funding strategys do not tend to work well on their own. It tends to be part of an overall business plan or strategy which shows where the organization is heading. The funding strategy is the engine to make this happen. How to go about setting up a funding strategy? What are we going to do? Be clear about the aims and objects Why are we going to do it? Why do we require IT in our business? Who will do it? Decide who is responsible for fundraising e.g. managers/leaders Where will we do it? -Location of department/IT support services How will we do it? -Resources and methods required for fundraising need to researched and decided upon. When we will do it? Have an agreed timescale or ongoing plan to see what you need to do in order to maintain current funding. When to develop a funding model Funding models require considerable time and investment to take hold. The companys leadership teams must be willing to invest in systems and the required staff to support the funding model. Size is also an important factor. Developing a funding model is generally most helpful for companies that generate at least  £3million in annual revenues. This is because smaller organizations can often get by with idiosyncratic fundraising methods. So there is no need to get over strategic until it is necessary to do so. It needs to be clear with what the company wants to achieve from the funding model.   Does it want to propel rapid growth? Become more financially secure while remaining at roughly the same scale? Expand into a new program area? Each of these objectives is likely to imply a different right funding model. Identifying and developing a funding model is a long term investment that will require patience. But it is an investment that is worth making in the long run. An organization needs to reflect on the relative strengths and weaknesses of its current funding methods and its historical methods also. The knowledge that is gained from this will pave the way for implementing a funding model that builds on those strengths and weaknesses. Organizations are likely to think that they already know a great deal about their funding structures and how they have raised money. However, there is a danger that this is wrong. It is recommended that organizations that are in search of a funding model start by researching in 3 key areas: These are: Funding Sources Funder Motivation Fundraising Capabilities Peter Kim describes these in greater detail below: Funding Sources: A few important questions we can ask are: What percentage of ongoing costs is covered by renewable funding sources that are very likely to continue for at least the next three to five years?(Kim 2011) Across how many funders are funding sources spread?(Kim 2011) What percentage of funding is restricted to non-core operations and programs? (Kim 2011) Funder Motivation: It is important to understand why funders can help non profit businesses better. The goal is to see if there is a particular funding model and the existing motivations of potential donors. Important questions to be answered include Are the funders motivated by an organizations track record, the specific population it is working with, or the personal relationships with the top leaders? Fundraising Capabilities: Organizations need to be honest about what funding sources they wish to secure and what investments would need to be made to do so. Important questions here include: Does a single individual (such as the CEO or a board member) generate most of the revenue, or is fundraising more institutionalized?(Kim 2011) What are the development teams current capabilities?(Kim 2011 Image 1: http://er.educause.edu/~/media/images/articles/2015/1/figurereinitzsidebar.jpg?la=en Image 2: http://www.centralsaanich.ca/Assets/Central+Saanich/Administration/CS+Organization+Chart+4.JPG Image 3: http://www.bakertilly.com/insights/budgeting-for-information-technology/ Kim, P. (2011) FINDING YOUR FUNDING MODEL, (37-41).

Family Structure in the UK Essays -- Social Science, Family Life, Brit

As family structure has changed in the UK, so child care arrangements have become more diverse and complex. What are the implications of these changes for children? Introduction In the last 50 years or so, family life has changed becoming more diverse and complex, which has been the source of research by social scientists especially the effects of divorce on children. Marriage is no longer an institution that couples need to suffer if times are difficult, divorce is easier and cohabitation is more morally acceptable. The ideology of the nuclear family whilst not outdated is not the only type of family in which to raise children. The modern more complex family arrangements include step families, lone parents, step sibling relationships and shared care arrangements, which are the subject of more recent research. For the purpose of this study it will focus on the research relating to divorce and the new arrangements for children. One psychological study reported divorce as pathological; possibly in the early days using moral judgements to imply that ‘divorce is bad for children’. ‘They feel that their childhood has been lost forever. Divorce is a price they pay, as forfeit to their parents’ failures, jeopardizing their future lives’ (Wallerstein and Blakeslee, 1989, p. 43) More modern liberalised studies are comparing the divorced with the non-divorced children, to demonstrate that divorced families may have been labelled wrongly and in some cases may be a positive change. It is this more optimistic viewpoint which this research seeks to promote. Literature review As families are changing; the ideological nuclear family which existed in the past is less common, and attitudes are changing (Kelly 2003, p 237). C... ...hood , 10, 131-146. Pryor, J., & Rodgers, B. (2001). Children in Changing Families Life After Parental Separation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Simpson, B. (1998). Changing Families: An ethnographic approach to divorce and separation. Oxford: Berg. Smart, C. (2003). Introduction: New Perspectives on Childhood and Divorce. Childhood , 123-129. Smart, C., & May, V. (2007). The Parenting Contest: Problems of Ongoing Conflict over Children. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 65 - 80). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Trinder, L. (2007). Dangerous Dads and Malicious Mothers: The Relevance of Gender to Contact Disputes. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 81-94). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second Chances. Reading: Corgi.

The Prelude – William Wordsworth

Fardad Hajirostami Guilty Conscience In his poem, â€Å"The Prelude†, William Wordsworth relives a childhood epiphany that alters his perception of nature. Wordsworth describes this experience of his through his voyage in a boat which later dramatically turns into a nightmarish journey. Through use of suspenseful diction, dramatic personification, and descriptive syntax, Wordsworth vividly illustrates his perception of nature and how he views it with certain trepidation after he encounters a â€Å"towering† and horrific figure.The opening lines of the poem immediately personify nature as having a feministic quality. When Wordsworth stumbles upon a boat and unloosens its chain, he describes this incident as an â€Å"act of stealth and troubled pleasure†. Wordsworth in a way foreshadows possible dangers that are lurking in the near future due to his guilty conscience. This guilty conscience can also be interpreted as a consequence of the sexual seduction of nature and the boat as suggested by the author’s syntax and tone.The author’s mentioning of the boat as â€Å"an elfin pinnace† and the description of how he â€Å"lustily †¦ dipped [his] oars into the silent lake† confirm the author’s premature and lascivious tendencies. Wordsworth’s attitude towards the relationship that he shares with the boat also infers a sense of egotism and overconfidence. He describes himself as â€Å"one who rows, proud of his skill, to reach a chosen point with an unswerving line,† with a â€Å"fixed† view. Wordsworth’s syntax and his choice of the words â€Å"fixed†, â€Å"chosen† and â€Å"unswerving† all further develop and emphasize his haughty youthful character.Later in the poem, when Wordsworth witnesses a monstrous black figure appearing on the horizon that seemed to acquire an â€Å"utmost boundary†, a sudden shift in tone and diction takes place. The authorâ €™s seemingly control of nature and his sexual dominance is abruptly stolen away from him due to a symbolic black figure that in a way represents Wordsworth’s guilty conscience and childhood illusions. In addition, the author has lost his composure and â€Å"proud skill† in the way he paddles away with â€Å"trembling oars†. The incidence of this daemon figure completely transformsWordsworth’s tranquil and lustful relationship with nature into a dreadful and outlandish one. Wordsworth’s earlier intimacy with nature transforms to â€Å"solitude† and â€Å"blank desertion†. The author’s perception of nature contrasts with that of the Romanticists. The â€Å"familiar shapes† are no longer prevalent and â€Å"no pleasant images of trees† or â€Å"colors of green fields† linger in the author’s conscience. The author’s anticipation of possible dangers that seemed inevitable due to the suspensefu l nature of the poem did not compare to the extent of such an episode.A key distinction between the author’s perceptions of nature earlier and later in the poem arises in the extent in which he personifies it. Initially, nature was illustrated as possessing an inert quality and a mere existence. This connotation suggested that he controlled nature’s way and determined its fate. Later, however, this earlier notion of his is altered once â€Å"a huge peak, black and huge† appears on the horizon. The â€Å"voluntary power instinct† of the figure implies that it has acquired unnatural and humanistic qualities and thus haunted the author’s dreams.Wordsworth’s description of nature can be interpreted as Wordsworth’s childhood sexual fantasies with feminine figures while the black figure symbolically represents religious condemnation of his society at the time. The morals and customs of the society in which Wordsworth lived in presumably dis dained the sexual desires of the youths. Consequently, Wordsworth unconsciously fears the black figure and interprets it as a force that has come to punish his unfitting and lustful behavior.

What Is Democratic Consolidation

What Is Democratic Consolidation One of the most important inquiries that should be made is on how democratic consolidation can be understood especially from the political point of view. It is apparent that research has revealed that there is no serviceable or specific definition of the concept â€Å"democratic consolidation† (Schneider 215).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Democratic Consolidation? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the concept has become common in comparative politics whereby scholars have been in haste to derive a fully satisfying definition. However, it is important to understand that democratic consolidation denotes the transition that occurs in liberal institutions to a point that leaders conform to democratic rule (Schneider 215). While the latter statement may appear holistic and largely appealing in any given democratic setting, it is imperative to note that it may be hardly be achieved as an ideal s ituation in political governance. From a careful review of literature, it has been confirmed that democratic consolidation is the means by which young democracies mature to ensure that they do not risk reverting to authoritarianism (Lim 117). Notably, this process is mainly underpinned to promote the ideology that political actors embrace democracy, a factor that will make political institutions secure against the threats of authoritarianism (Lim 220). Therefore, it is arguable that this concept is meant to foster stabilization of regimes by eliminating challenges that can bring about breakdown of the social fabric. However, the concept of democratic consolidation especially among young and growing democracies may still be a mirage and an idea from reality. It is vital to note that democratic consolidation entails numerous political aspects such as diffusion of democratic rules, legitimization, neutralizing anti-political actors and fostering civilian supremacy (Schneider 215). If t he aforementioned elements are to be embraced and indeed implemented in any political governance, then it implies that a lot of political goodwill ought to exist. Moreover, it also entails eradication of authoritarian enclaves and stabilizing electoral rules in order to avoid election irregularities bearing in mind that no single democratic government can boast of democracy if its leaders are not freely and fairly elected into political offices. Research has revealed that the process cannot be complete without decentralizing state power and establishing judicial reforms (Andreas 94). In line with this, political actors also need to introduce mechanisms that will foster direct democracy in order to safeguard the functional interests of the civilians. Notably, different scholars have dissimilar understanding of the concept (Lim 118). In this case, the meaning and usage of the concept basically depends on the context and goals in which the political actors stand for (Schneider 215). At this point, it is also worthy to analyze some of the major characteristics of regimes in the â€Å"gray zone† especially in regards to the principle of democratic consolidation. It is important to note that regimes in the ‘gray zone† are those that are in the third wave of democratization (Rapley 35). From an empirical point of view, it is evident that these regimes have not yet experienced full transition from authoritarianism into full democratization. Therefore, in terms of the ideals put forward by the political ideology of democracy, they are largely at standstill and majority of such governments often reverse towards authoritarianism. It is arguable that these regimes cease to become outright authoritarians yet they are not fully democratic.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, it may not be automatic for all the regimes in the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œgray zones’ to revert to autocratic rule bearing in mind that in the event strong democratic institutions are set up, the likelihood of reverting to authoritative rule may be null and void altogether. In addition, these regimes appear ambiguous due to the fact that they are semi-authoritarian (Lim 221). In this case, these regimes have liberal political institutions that uphold political liberty. Nevertheless, they still portray some traits of authoritarian rule. This kind of scenario has been the case with certain young economies although a similar scenario may be replicated even in well developed economies. The other characteristic is that such regimes give little space for political competition, a factor that significantly decimates government’s accountability and transparency when executing its roles and responsibilities. Research reveals that they avail limited space for press freedom to function freely. Besides, political parties with divergent or opposing views are not easily accommodated in such regimes since in most cases, they command majority rule and as such they may dilute the strengths of ruling parties (Rapley 95). Needless to say, the latter scenario is what may be described as political immaturity. In addition to this, since these regimes are not fully democratic, they are often unable to produce effective governments. This is due to the fact that democratic processes of electing a government are often manipulated by authoritarian traits that adversely violate the basic tenets of transparent governance. Then, why would it be difficult for regimes to move out of this zone? Empirical evidences have shown that it is normally difficult for ‘gray zone’ regimes to move out of this type of governance. One of the possible factors that make it pretty cumbersome for the regimes to get out of the zone is due to deep-rooted individual differences. Notably, after the end of the Cold war, there emerged leading intellectuals who w ere against the outfits of liberal democracy. In line with this, most of political actors in such regimes have cultural bias on the concept of liberal democracy (Rapley 102). Moreover, there are only few governments that are willing to abandon authoritarian rule and adopt democracy. In this case, they fear strict limitations imposed by democracy. Research has revealed that there is a possibility that ‘gray zone’ regimes will definitely increase in number since most states have had problems coping with political transitions (Andreas 99).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Democratic Consolidation? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, countries that have embraced democratic consolidation have ended up having weak democracies. In this case, majority of world states prefer semi-authoritarian regimes, a factor that makes it difficult for them to shift from the ‘gray zone’. Further more, it is important that there should be moderate political conflicts in states. According to Lim (235), consolidation of democracy cannot take place with frequent confrontations. Therefore, it is important to ensure that there is peace or else the civilians will disregard the values and interests of democracy. Apparently, there are myriads of conditions that are necessary for democratic consolidation to take effect. The factors that affect consolidation of democracy should be realigned by all costs (Lim 221). It is agreeable that most of these factors are non-economic such as illiteracy and squatting levels of human development that is common in poor economies. Therefore, one of the essential conditions for consolidating democracy is by ensuring that there is effective human development through public awareness in order to strengthen social cohesion. Research has revealed that there is need to eliminate all forms of procedures, traits, expectations and institutions that seem to b e incompatible with the outright ideas of democracy. In line with this, new institutions and procedures should be established in order to create a favorable aura for consolidating democracy (Andreas 101). It is important to have numerous and political actors participating in politics and decisions who will win other people to embrace the new regime. Another important element to note is that new institutions should establish the act of favorable political balance through power sharing. This wills lure civilians to shift their mind from the previous regimes. Poverty has been considered as a major social-economic problem, a factor that is attributed to its extended negative impacts that directly and indirectly threatens the very existence of human beings. Sandoval, Rank and Hirschl argue that the state of poverty in most places in the world today is very shocking. Poverty has also raised deep concerns over its increasing levels and equally high resilience of negative implications (720) . The question that lingers in many minds is whether different states across the globe are playing an effective role in addressing the rising levels of poverty. As this paper analyzes, rationalists are of the opinion that the practices and policies adopted in most states have greatly contributed towards poverty. While some may seem to oppose their own views and quickly defend their actions, steps to address the underlying threats posed by poverty are yet to be seen.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Definitely, various states across the world have played profound roles in promotion and fighting of poverty. Lenagala and Ram argue that the rising levels of poverty in many states today should be viewed as a factor that is contributed by existing leadership (923). Many nations wallowing in the miasma of absolute poverty almost unanimously share a common factor called poor leadership. A state whose leadership is pitiable lacks the ability to effectively prioritize essential needs, effectively allocate resources and create an ego-centric model that facilitates economic growth. While some opponents of this view may argue that poverty is a personal aspect and individuals must bear the responsibilities of their destinies, it is important to note that a state should be concerned with the welfare of its citizens. Take for instance, a country like North Korea where the development and welfare of citizens has been given special priority. The practice promoted in this state is that its leade rship has put the affairs of its citizens third after creation of weapons and their acquisition. Therefore, citizens in this nation are left to fend for themselves and most often forced to go without basic needs. Environmentalism is becoming less realistic to the present states as focus towards conservation, the imminent dangers to the planet and its occupants, as well as methods to address them fail to take the urgency required to save the planet and its occupants. The endless cry of people in hunger, continued loss and extinction of biodiversity, strange and incurable infections, and loss of lives from warfare are a clear indication of individual and administrative sycophancies on environmental concerns. The major question whose answer appears to be elusive to many is why states today do not clearly conceptualize the damage they are doing to themselves, citizens and most importantly, to the future generations. Besides poor leadership as indicated above, Icel argues that many gover nments have ignored the importance of conserving the environment, a factor that has seen a rise in pollution, global warming and subsequent poverty (500). When the Kyoto Protocol was established, the globe got a sigh of relief that the disaster had at last gotten a long term solution. However, the force that initially propelled the establishment of Kyoto Protocol appeared to slowly but surely fade away as more countries clung to their conservative models that are highly selfish and sycophantic. Even after the problem was justified scientifically, Yanagisawa explains that many countries’ leadership saw the issue as a carefully drawn model to stall their development (316). In the US for example, administrations over the years have failed to gather enough political goodwill to sign the protocol while most implementing countries fail to their mandated emissions reduction levels (Icel 505). Though countries such as the US indicate efforts being undertaken to address global warming , accruing efforts are largely undermined by its continued emission of green house gases. Other countries such as China have hidden under the umbrella of being developing nations largely because by the time Kyoto Protocol was drawn, the country was not grouped in the industrialized category. Indeed, just like the US and China, many other states lack the much needed proactive approach that can be used to identify future environmental problems and subsequent poverty levels that could befall nations. Sandoval, Rank and Hirschl observe that pollution is one of the greatest threats to environmental conservation and sustainability (720). Many states have however turned away from acknowledging pollution and its effects on poverty as a way of either avoiding accruing responsibilities or evading related complexities. Environmentalism requires society to be able to interpret the interconnectedness of the different spheres of the environment (aquatic, lithosphere, atmospheric, and the biologic al). Despite the fact that over 2.8 billion people globally lack access to clean water and basic sanitation, states continue to heavily pollute the remaining water resources. The ever rising number of industries releases some of their wastes into water systems and ultimately affects its quality for domestic, agricultural and other uses. This problem is metaphysically rhetoric in that either from industries, agricultural practices, or even domestic chores, pollutants continues being released into the environment at rates higher than ever experienced in the past. This discussion would not be complete without mentioning the high global poverty levels that have plagued the globe for long. Jeppesen explains that to poor people, the immediate concerns are neither conservation nor environmentalism (490). However, they are mostly concerned with basic survival that puts the global and state resources into great pressure. A good example is the continued use of biomass as the main source of fu el in most developing countries. This coupled with intensified mechanization of deforestation has resulted into extremely high rates of forest cover removal. Jeppesen estimates that about 13 million hectares of land are cut down every year (500). Even if it is for reasons of alleviating poor economic status or the need to promote greater development, the role played by many states only enhances poverty levels. To sum up, the ability to develop effective poverty eradication mechanisms by states forms a major pillar that will support the fight against poverty. One would surely agree with rationalists in the sense that many states have overlooked the importance of eradicating poverty in a more holistic manner. One of the major efforts that cannot go unnoticed in fighting poverty is facilitating good governance. Andreas, Schedler. What Is Democratic Consolidation? Journal of Democracy, 9.2 (1998): 91-107. Print. Icel, John. Why Poverty Remains High: The role of income growth, economic inequality, and changes in family structure, 1949-1999. Demography 40.3 (2003): 499-519. Print. Jeppesen, Sandra. From the War on Poverty to the War on the poor: knowledge, power, and subject positions in anti-poverty discourses. Canadian Journal of Communication 34.3 (2009): 487-508. Print. Lenagala, Chakrangi and Rati, Ram. Growth elasticity of poverty: estimates from new data. International Journal of Social Economics 37.12 (2010): 923-932. Print. Lim, Timothy. Doing comparative politics: An introduction to approaches and issues. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005. Print. Rapley, John. Understanding development: Theory and practice in the Third World. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 2007. Print. Sandoval, Daniel, Mark Rank and Thomas, Hirschl. The increasing risk of poverty across the American life course. Demography 46.4 (2009): 717-737. Print. Schneider, Ben Ross. â€Å"Democratic consolidations: Some broad comparisons and sweeping arguments.† Latin American Research Review, 3 0.2(1995): 215. Print. Yanagisawa, Anton. Poverty: social control over our labor force. International Journal of Social Economics 38.4 (2011): 316-329. Print.

Maestria en Administracion. Essays - Popular University Of Cesar

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Son cinco ejes (politicas) y los primeros cuatro son detonantes para impulsar la politica comercial. Todo sistema economico tiene factores productivos, que son los recursos naturales, trabajo de los hombres, trabajo calificado y capital (K), convergen (se suman) y dan origen a la produccion. En un sistema economico estan los organizadores de la produccion; Participacion gubernamental nacional. PEMEX y CFE. Participacion privada nacional. TELMEX, etc. Participacion privada extranjera. Volkswagen, AUDI, etc. Los organizadores de la produccion dan origen a lo que nosotros conocemos como aparato productivo o estructura productiva, los cuales son los cimientos del sistema economico. El aparato economico esta conformado por: 1. Agricultura, 2. Industria y 3. Servicios y comercio. El aparato productivo esta conformado por los 1. Recursos naturales, 2. Trabajo de los hombres, 3. Trabajo calificado y 4. Capital. 1, 2. Flujo nominal. Guanacias, beneficios, intereses, rentas y salarios los cuales representan a la demanda. 3,4. Flujo real. Bienes y servicios los cuales representan a la oferta. El flujo nominal (demanda) y el flujo real (oferta) convergen en el mercado (satisfaccion de la sociedad). El excedente via exportaciones y divisas. 5. Que entendemos por sistema economico? Sistema economico. Se puede definir como un conjunto de monedas existentes y concurrentes en un periodo determinado para un pais. Definicion de sistema economico. Castro y Lessa "Introduccion al sistema economico un enfoque estructuralista." Primer eje que respalda un sistema monetario. Esta respaldado por piedras (rubis, esmeraldas y diamantes) y metales preciosos (oro y plata). Segundo eje PETROBONOS. Tercer eje CETES y el cuarto eje son las DIVISAS (obtenidas a traves de la exportacion). 1. Sistema economico. 2. Factores de produccion. 3. Organizadores de la produccion. 4. Aparato o estructura productiva. 5. Absorcion de los factores. 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